The letter box Essay Example

The letter box Paper John Searles Chinese room contention endeavors to clarify the distinction between working machines and the human brain. Let us envision that an English talking man who realizes no other language has been placed in a little room. On the divider is a letter box and on the floor is a book of rules and a notebook. From time to time a bit of paper with Chinese composing is gone through the letterbox. The rulebook discloses how to process the composition, it advises the man to duplicate certain characters onto the notebook. Thebook gives a code illuminating the man what ought to be composed by what is on the paper at first sent through the letter box. When he has decoded the message he sends the answer back through the letterbox as a response to the inquiries he got, complying with the principles contained in the book. As time passes by the man turns out to be increasingly more practiced at his specific employment. To a Chinese passerby no doubt the individual in the room was a familiar Chinese speaker. Searle looks at the action of this man to the action of a machine or PC. The man didn't have to comprehend the Chinese to have the option to offer an ideal response. Along these lines the PC doesn't comprehend or grasp what it is doing, it just procedures data. We will compose a custom paper test on The letter box explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The letter box explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The letter box explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Searle said that the man (and consequently machine) needed purposefulness and had just a grammatical capacity rather than a semantic one. This implies the machine can't know about the significance of the data it forms despite the fact that it utilizes right syntax to speak with. Essentially delivering yield in light of contribution as indicated by specific guidelines doesn't establish human idea. Searle utilizes this contention to discredit the purported Strong Artificial Intelligence position of certain scholars who accept that code accomplishes something other than speak to human idea (by means of programming); rather, it truly is human idea. A psychological study contending against Searles thinking and supporting Strong AI is the Turing test. Alan Turing, who built up the primary present day PCs, asserted that in future years it could be conceivable to make a machine that had a psyche. Turing envisioned the accompanying: There is a cross examiner, a machine and an individual. The cross examiner is situated in a different space to the machine and the individual. The individual and machine are marked either x or y, the cross examiner is ignorant which is x and which is y. The investigative specialist must ask x and y inquiries, his point is to figure which is the machine and which is the individual. The point of the machine is to make the investigator surmise that the individual is in actuality the machine; the target for the individual is to help cause the examiner to figure effectively. Turing accepted that later on it would be very possible for a machine to deceive the cross examiner in excess of 70% of the time. Turing accepted this demonstrated machines were fit for intuition. The issue with this contention is that on the grounds that the PC is fit for tricking the investigative specialist into trusting it is human doesn't legitimately compare to the end that the machine is a reasoning thing. It appears to be more probable that the PC has only been modified with the right responses to utilize and as a general rule has no comprehension of what his answers really mean. Teacher Jefferson contended, Not until a machine can compose a work or make a concerto in light of the fact that out of considerations and feelings felt, and not by the possibility fall of images, would we be able to concur that machine rises to mind that is, compose it as well as realize that it had composed it. No system could feel (and not just falsely signal, a simple contraption) delight at its triumphs, sadness when its valves meld, be warmed by sweet talk, be committed hopeless by its errors, be enchanted by sex, be furious or discouraged when it can't get what it needs. 3 Having mindfulness and information on the substance and significance of thought is the thing that Searle portrays as purposefulness and is a component of human reasoning which machines would never imitate due to their very nature as manufactured, counterfeit elements. All in all, I feel that it appears to be outlandish for machines to ever have minds. The psyche seems, by all accounts, to be a simply mystical thing that couldn't be transplanted into a machine. Moreover the procedure that a machine experiences isn't thought yet programming. Everything the machine knows originates from the producer. To state that machines have minds resembles saying that regardless of whether a malevolent daemon controlled and planted each idea in our minds, we would at present be free deduction creatures with cognizant personalities. Actually I think that its difficult to consider the monist approach, however a few endeavors are made to clarify the psyche from a monist point of view, which in any case gives the brain an uncommon position that couldn't only be reproduced by created, counterfeit machines. Such a methodology is taken by the individuals who consider the to be as a developing property of the physical structure of the body (explicitly cerebrum). A solitary particle of water couldn't be wet or hot or cold; it is just on consolidating with a large number of atoms in a perplexing group that properties rise that we partner with water. So with the psyche our opportunity and purposefulness rise up out of the exceptionally mind boggling course of action of our natural bodies, which are one of a kind to people and creatures and couldn't be shared by machines. For a great many people utilizing a contention from good judgment it feels that our psyches are free and unattached to our physical bodies. I along these lines presume that a simply physical man-caused machine to can never have its very own genuine brain. Furthermore, along these lines in all actuality it would make it incomprehensible for James the Red Engines thought4 and feelings to really exist.

Reforms in progressive era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changes in dynamic time - Essay Example Individuals in progressivism accepted that issues inside the general public, for example, brutality, neediness, prejudice, unforeseen weakness, class fighting, and voracity could be tended to through the arrangement of a more secure condition, great training, fair government, and proficient working environment. Progressives were individuals living in urban communities, had an advanced degree, and were of the possibility that the administration could be an operator of progress (Schlesinger, 2003). Key changes One of the zones that were of focus for changes by the progressives was the immediate or circuitous effects of the high influx of migration and industrialization in the nineteenth century. From 1900 to 1910, about 8.8 million outsiders entered the US, a significant number of whom were from areas, religions, and ethnic gatherings that were not the same as American settlers from Western Europe. Those originating from southern Europe offered modest work that bolstered the quick deve loping ventures and were in their high numbers in thickly populated urban territories. Legislators and ideological groups began to focus on these foreigners to seek after their own objectives. Then again, the unexpected weakness care, lodging, and sanitation, just as the expanded utilization of kid work in plants and homes turned into a concentration for reformers (Schlesinger, 2003). ... Accordingly, enactment setting up least wellbeing and lodging principles were presented (Schlesinger, 2003). One of the most prevailing individuals of the dynamic period was Theodore Roosevelt. He is on record for bringing changes that changed people’s government assistance and the economy on the loose. One such change is the extension government controls inside the economy by making new force for sorted out work to oversee and apply influence against managers. Thusly, Roosevelt assumed direct jobs in consummation work questions, and in certain events took steps to utilize the military to settle debates between coal mineshaft proprietors and diggers (Schlesinger, 2003). The new arrangement The new arrangement was a thought made by Roosevelt when he began extending the legislature so as to think of foundations that would secure various gatherings of residents, for example, ranchers and laborers. This was essentially to shield individuals from the extraordinary misery and materi al emergency by empowering residents to scrutinize the forces of enterprises. In doing as such, Roosevelt reinforced the official, affected political development and characterized plans for future political discussions (Schlesinger, 2003). Change in the new arrangement Social security Act This was an authoritative demonstration, which framed government managed savings framework in the US. The demonstration was marked into law by Roosevelt in 1935, and it made a social protection program intended to pay resigned works matured 65 years or more seasoned some salary after retirement. The demonstration shaped an arrangement of protection for the jobless, crippled and the matured dependent on the business and representative commitments. A great part of the subsidizing originated from charges existing laborers (Schlesinger, 2003). Tennessee valley authority This is a governmentally claimed enterprise

Amy Tan, Two Kinds Essay Example for Free

Amy Tan, Two Kinds Essay This storys headliners occur in Chinatown all through the 1950s and maybe mid 1960s. The primary character of the story, who is likewise the hero, is simply the creator: Amy Tan. The adversary happens to be her own mom, who is continually pushing Amy to find some concealed ability and be somebody else. There are a couple of other minor characters in the story. There is Lindo Jong (who she calls Auntie Lindo), who is a dear companion of Amys mother. Waverly Jong is Auntie Lindos little girl, who is near Amys age. Amys piano educator, who she calls Old Chong, assumes a little job in the story. Amys father is remembered for the content, yet doesn't assume a lot of a job. In Two Kinds, the work is clear in the primary couple of pages. The story starts by clarifying that Amys family moved to America when she was a child, in 1949. Her mom is clear in her objectives: she needs Amy to be a kid wonder (an individual with remarkable ability) and acclaimed. In spite of the fact that to start with Amy appears to be tolerating of her moms objective, there are a few undercurrents which are obvious to the peruser that her mom may go excessively far. Imagery in writing may incorporate visual or sound components just as language. Amys piano was the principle image of this story. Toward the finish of the story, the way that she had it tuned and really plunked down to play gives us that she truly thought about her mom and the piano-all things considered. The tunes that she plays toward the end are additionally an image of the story, itself. She makes reference to playing two tunes. The first is titled Pleading Child, and the subsequent one: Perfectly Contented. These are tunes that she had played when she was a youngster. She sees just because, after these years, that these two tunes are really two parts to a similar melody. The melody speaks to Amys life. This is the manner by which the story closes. We get a truly smart thought of what Amys story is about and the subject behind it. She laments not attempting her best, and the manner in which she has underestimated her mom in her life. A solid message like this causes us to consider our own lives and associations with the ones we love. Amy builds the story such that makes the plot stream, and we are keen on what will befall her next. A few of us may even feel like she is excessively hard on the hero her mom. The completion settle these sentiments, since we find she feels this, as well.

KTG leader ship Essay Example for Free

KTG pioneer transport Essay Presentation An ecological examination in key administration plays a very importantâ role in organizations by pinpointing present and potential chances or dangers outside the organization in its outer condition. The outer condition incorporates political, ecological, mechanical and sociological occasions or patterns that can influence the business straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. The primary target in this report is an ecological examination utilizing all the variables and investigating instruments , by and large led as a component of an examination of qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers (SWOT) when a vital arrangement is being created. Directors rehearsing key administration must lead an ecological investigation quarterly, semi-yearly, or every year, contingent upon the idea of the businesss business concentrating on the followings: Analyzing factors viability on our association as one of the greatest gathering in the medicinal services benefits in the area. Association sources and contenders. Association esteems chain development. SWOT examination assessment. Ref: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-job of-natural investigation in-key management.htm , 2014 3.ANALYSING FACTOR EFFECTIVENESS: 3.1 Macro Environment Analysis: Probably the best device for considering patterns in the Macro condition is the PESTEL examination. (Figure 1) Figure 1 3.1.1Political elements: Since we are situated here in the UAE, we have no tax collection and this is one of the quality point we are rely upon. and yet our organization group not perceiving that the base wages ought to be expanded looking at with different offices and emergency clinics in our district as a major contenders. 3.1.2Economic: Monetary elements incorporate financial development, loan fees, trade rates and the swelling rate. These elements impactsly affect how organizations work and decide. For instance, financing costs influence an organizations cost of capital and in this manner to what degree a business develops and grows. Trade rates influence the expenses of sending out products and the gracefully and cost of imported merchandise in an economy. Furthermore, since our association as privet medicinal services office, in view of the benefit rate it takes in the thought every one of these components particularly after it engaged with the financial exchange a year ago. Adjacent to that the new arrangement is to limit the costs that identified with the intrigue conversion scale by following the centralization strategy. ex. making one lab for all branches with a controlled transportation framework for sending the patients tests to the brought together research facility as opposed to having a different lab in each branch 3.1.3Social: Our association as one of the privet medical clinics in the district , is giving all the solid exercises, social insurance giving, failing to give any changing as a segment patterns. We are doing outside exercises supporting some specific individuals the individuals who have an incessant sickness like the diabetic patients to have increasingly more information about themselves and how to take care about it. Ref(CBS course , theme 2 , page # 5) 3.1.4Technology: We are relying upon the improvement of new innovation to look after intensity. Ex(opening new division of the Nuclear medication for early Cancers diagnostics ) 3.1.5 Environment: factors incorporate natural and ecological angles, for example, climate, atmosphere, and environmental change, which may particularly influence enterprises, for example, the travel industry, cultivating, and protection. Besides, developing consciousness of the potential effects of environmental change is influencing how organizations work and the items they offer, both making new markets and lessening or pulverizing existing ones. Ref http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis As indicated by our national guidelines and natural jobs ,we are following the EHSMS(Emirates Health Safety Management System). 3.1.6 Legalâ include segregation law, customer law, antitrust law, business law, and wellbeing and security law. These components can influence how an organization works, its expenses, and the interest for its items. The administrations in the medical clinic is the equivalent for all patients and the need is just for the earnest and crisis cases just not as per the nationality, shading or some other segregation issues. Also, on the opposite side there is an exceptional track for the VIP patients ,giving the best quality to be the principal decision in the locale as a privet clinic. 3.2 Micro Environment Analysis: Probably the best device for considering patterns in the Micro condition is the doorman investigation. (Figure 2) Figure 2 Doorman five powers investigation is a system for industry examination and business procedure improvement. It draws upon modern association (IO) economicsâ to infer five powers that decide the serious force and in this manner appeal of a market. Engaging quality in this setting alludes to the general business benefit. An ugly industry is one in which the blend of these five powers acts to drive down by and large gainfulness. An ugly industry would be one moving toward unadulterated rivalry, in which accessible benefits for all organizations are headed to ordinary benefit. This investigation is related with its vital trend-setter Michael E. Three of Porters five powers allude to rivalry from outside sources. The rest of inner dangers. 3.2.1 Threat of Substitute Products or Services: A substitute is an item that plays out the equivalent or comparative capacity as another item. Microeconomics trains that the more substitutes an item has, the interest for the item turns out to be progressively versatile. Versatile interest implies expanded buyer value affectability which compares to less assurance of benefits. For instance, open transportation subs for driving a vehicle, and email subs for composing letters. Conditions that expansion the danger of substitutes are: 1.2.1.1 An alluring cost of substitutes: Our association as a privet social insurance facilty relies upon the insurance agencies in the amount they are fixing the costs of the administrations and items, yet they are attempting to do some advertising utilizing uncommon costs for the works in some organization by doing full test assessment for those individuals who don’t secured by protection. 1.2.1.2 Increased nature of substitutes: Our office is attempting to give the best quality to be the principal decision in the locale in the privet social insurance segment. Centering increasingly more to keep the most noteworthy universal gauges like the JCIA (Joint Commission of worldwide accreditation) ,CAP(Collage of American Pathologist) and the ISO ..Etc 1.2.1.3 Low changing expenses to customers: our Administration isn't changing the expense to the shoppers since they are secured by medical coverage. Be that as it may, now and again they are changing the expenses to the staff by limiting the staff without enough examination to the remaining task at hand or halting the yearly augmentations. 3.2.2 . Danger of Entry: Beneficial markets that yield exceptional yields will pull in new firms. This outcomes in numerous new participants, which in the end will diminish gainfulness for all organizations in the business. Except if the section of new firms can be obstructed by officeholders (which in business alludes to the biggest organization in a specific industry, for example, in broadcast communications, the conventional telephone organization, ordinarily called the occupant administrator), the irregular benefit rate will drift towards zero (impeccable rivalry). The accompanying variables can affect the amount of a risk new participants may represent: The presence of hindrances to section (licenses, rights, and so on.). The most alluring section is one in which passage boundaries are high and leave hindrances are low. Not many new firms can enter and non-performing firms can exit without any problem. Government approach Capital prerequisites Outright expense Cost detriments free of size Economies of scale Economies of item contrasts Item separation Brand value Exchanging costs or sunk expenses Anticipated counter Access to dispersion Client reliability to set up brands Industry gainfulness (the more productive the business the more appealing it will be to new contenders) Contention Between Established contenders: Contention alludes to how much firms react to serious moves of different firms in the business. Contention among existing firms may manifestâ itself in various manners cost rivalry, new items, expanded degrees of client care, guarantees and ensures, promoting, better systems of discount wholesalers, etc. The level of contention in and industry is an element of various communicating auxiliary highlights: Rivalry will in general escalate as the quantity of contenders increments and as they firms become progressively equivalent in size and capacity. Market contention is generally more grounded when interest for the item is developing gradually. Rivalry is progressively exceptional when opponent firms are enticed to utilize value slices or other promoting strategies to support unit volume. Competition is more grounded when the expenses brought about by clients to change their buys starting with one brand then onto the next are low. Market contention increments in relation to the size of the result from an effective key move. Market contention will in general be progressively incredible when it costs more to escape a business than to remain in and contend. Contention turns out to be progressively unstable and erratic the more differing contenders are as far as their systems, their characters, their corporate needs, their assets, and their nations of inception. Contention increments when solid organizations outside the business obtain frail firms in the business and lunch forceful, all around supported moves to change their recently procured firms into significant market contenders. Two standards of serious contention are especially significant: (1) an amazing serious system utilized by one organization escalates serious weights on different organizations, and (2) the way wherein rivals utilize different serious weapons to attempt to outma

Indias Faith and Indonesias Faith - Free Essay Example

I watched Around the World in 80 Faiths: India and Nepal . Around the World in 80 Faiths is documentary series by BBC executed by the Church of England Vicar, Pete Own-Jones, who travels far and wide to many continents such as North and South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and Australia. I live in North America specifically in New York City, US (United States of America). So I wanted to watch an episode that I knew little about and will feel the most interested in, so I chose India. Coincidentally, India is also my name but that is not entirely why I chose to watch this particular country. The reason is that I had always come across Indian people who have migrated from there to the USA and when I asked what is India like, they always say that it is one of the most beautiful places to visit, its full of many types of beautiful people, culture, understanding, and peace, and their culture is ancient and like no other. So I can see for myself if any of the things I heard were true. In the show Around the World in 80 Faiths, episode six: India and Nepal discussed ten faiths found in India: Tibetan Buddhism, Hinduism: Muktinath, Hindu/Buddhist, Hinduism: The Durga Puja, Hindu Aghoris, The Bishnoi, Nath Fire Walkers, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, Jainism, and Hindu Gorehabba ritual. What was most interesting to me was the Hindu and Buddhists child blessing. This blessing was performed by the goddess grandmother, who was also the midwife (a trained professional who can deliver babies), which we have as well in the USA. The child blessing was similar to a Christening, a child blessing ceremony or ritual found in the religion Christianity. Christianity and Catholicism is the religion (Catholicism is a specific type of Christianity) I was raised in. Christianity is the belief in one God through teachings and beliefs of Jesus Christ. However the Hindu/Buddhists child blessing in Kathmandu, Nepal did things much differently during the ceremony. First, the midwife massages th e newborn while theyre fully naked with mustard oil, to welcome the new life to the world. The newborn baby is then provided with two names, a secret name that only God and the childs soul knows, which is given to protect them from evil. The next name is the name that his family and the world will know and call them by. During the ceremony, the midwife meditates, and pray over the child with a lit candle and rubs oil on the childs forehead and the mother. The mother of the child then squeezes her breast milk on the small lit candle, as an offering to the Gods which is passed over the newborn during the ceremony. This is a very sacred ritual for good karma for their newborn. In Hinduism/Buddhism you have what is known as good and bad karma, meaning the good deeds you do and good spirit you have will lead to a life and afterlife of good and vice versa for bad. This can also lead to reincarnation, it is after you die you will be reborn but as something or someone else. For example, I am a human woman, when I did I can be reincarnated to a male horse. Therefore, the newborn will go through many experiences before he is reborn in the afterlife but the baby must devote their life to the Gods who will determine whether thei r path gave them good or bad karma. This is interesting because of it the complete opposite of how I grew up in a Christian home. For Christians, a child blessing is known as a Christening. In a Christening, the ceremony is conducted in a Christian Church by a pastor or a priest (Catholic), who reads a bible scripture. The bible scripture reading is used to welcome the baby to the world and Christianity and in a way, this is similar to Hindu/Buddhist where this can be a sign of giving the child giving good karma. These bible readings are to help instill good life and guidance. During the ceremony, the pastor will be reading the bible while he is the parents of the child will hold the baby while both sides of the parents will have two people besides them called Godparents to witness the childs blessing and provide that they accept the responsibility as a Godparent. These are people who will care and have guardianship to the child if the parents die, there. But, unlike massaging the mustard oil all over their body, the baby is instead dressed formally in white like a white gown for a girl or a white suit for a boy and after the bible reading the oil or holy water is rubbe d or poured on the head of the newborn. In addition, in order to receive good karma, one has to go to the temple and pray to the god while also performing various meditation rituals. One major reason for this process is because in their religion they do believe in the afterlife also known in the Muslim community as Akhirah, this belief is that after death the Atman (soul) of a person passes into a new body and life. This new life depends on how the person lived their previous life. This belief was a complete opposite to my culture Christians believe when they die our soul is now sent to heaven with God. Another difference to the Christian faith is the belief in one true God while Hindu/ Buddhist believe in many Gods because each God represents something different, there is no all in one God like in Christianity. For instance, throughout the documentary Vicar, Pete Own-Jones was very active in the Hindu/Buddhist practices such as The Tara ritual at the Kutsab Ternga monastery ,this was apart of the Tibetan Buddhism. The Tar a is a very important figure in Buddhism because she is known as the mother of liberation. Moreover, there are several types of religion and denomination around the world, as mentioned so I decided to take a deeper look but on another religion known as Manpru religion. This is a religion practiced by Indonesian people specifically those in the island of Sumba. They are considered the last Indonesian who follows an ancestral faith. In order to get a close look at I watched a documentary directed and produced by Laura Scheerer and Janet Hoskins in the year 1988 titled The Feast in Dream Village . The film focused on how the ancestors spirits restore fertility after their village was destroyed by fire. The religious practices are lead by the head priest along with a second in command known as the archer as well as the sponsor. In this religion, the archer is the one who recites the history of the village so the Indonesian people can prepare an offering known as the feast to the ancestors. This feast preparation took twelve years to prepare. According to the head priest, when the fire took place the souls and spirits got lost .The feast will allow them to restore the souls to their rightful place and which they can ask the ancestors for favors like for of their crops to be of abundance and longevity for their lives. The feast is performed in their village with many guests such as government officials and local vil lagers. Also, there is a two seven day period before the ritual specifically prepared and performed by the head priest and the archer by inviting the spirits to a scared space this is known as Palau Marque. This is where the archer makes an offer to the spirit in order to complete the invitation. Along with the request is a performance of ancestral dances with instruments such as the drums and also their spears (their weapons). The second ritual is performed every day for seven days. It is their main offering, the buffalo. They would slash open the buffalo to ensure the liver is good which is a sign that the offerings were accepted by the spirits. All and all, these rituals are very scared and important to their culture because this is the highest form of respect to the spirit which allows them to revive favor for their troubles. Many ancestors before them performed these same rituals and since then has too had much success according to an elderly villager, the rituals are their way of connecting to the spirits and god in the heavens. In conclusion both documentaries showed religions that I have never encountered personally and they both had similar traits such as them both are religions that believe in a higher being such as spirits or gods however the Indonesian faith focuses only on the soul and spirits of their ancestor and do believe in heaven but not an afterlife and many gods that are not ancestors as the Hindu/Buddhist believes in. They both also believe that no one should be above or comes before their deity and to always keep their faith in them no matter where they go. The Hinduism and Buddhism has several elements to their faith and rituals, they believed in reincarnation and the afterlife, good karma (deemed by how you lived in your previous life depicts if you will return as a better version or worst they believe if you pray and mediated and live by the word of budda better is in store in a next life). Both documentaries highlighted major rituals of the natives and allows the viewers to see real-life culture first hand. Ironically both religions and their native were geographically located in Asia; both faiths had leaders who lead in religious practices such as head priest for Manpru and puja for the Hindu. They were religions that I think culture wise was different from mine but similar as they all believe in higher purpose and good and bad (good vs. evil), showing all religions may be different but all have a common goal, by giving them more purpose in life.

Accountability on Providing Patient Safety in Dammam - 8250 Words

Importance of Accountability on Providing Patient Safety in Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Thesis Proposal Sample) Content: IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTABILITY ON PROVIDING PATIENT SAFETY IN DAMMAM, SAUDI ARABIAThesis Proposal submitted by:Student NamesDepartmentUniversityCityDateAbstractFor the last decade or so, patient safety has surfaced as a key concern in hospitals, cropping up from information of deplorable levels of damage to patients witnessed during the procedure of administration of healthcare itself, rather than the underlying ailment. The ever-escalating intricacy of health care endowment is constantly alluded to as a fundamental aspect, and besides justifies for more transparency and predominantly accountability. This proposal intends to assess the significance of accountability in facilitating patient safety in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. This proposal intends to encapsulate an analysis of the complex execution of this formal accountability as well as disputing its assumptions. The researcher proposes that patient safety in Dammam is meagerly comprehended with respect to the current pra ctices shown by medical practitioners and clinicians, similarly to accountability. The proposed thesis therefore intends to center on surveying accountability and safety as practices. Accountability is not only to be portrayed in formal phrases, but equally informal and daily behavior and utterances. A thorough literature review is to be opted with an apt methodology being proposed. The rationale of this proposal lies within the instigation of health care that is more accountable and safer, through enabling health care practitioners as well as the patients to engage more variously and being extra liable, as a way of shifting the current constraints of health care provision.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTo begin with, and most predominantly I give thanks to Allah, who made everything achievable during my course duration, and as I am about to partake my research study. I equally take this opportunity to articulate my heartfelt appreciation to my tutor and supervisor [Please incorporate your supervi sorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s names], who has been a source of encouragement, mentorship and guidance. My additional gratitude goes to my university (include the name of your university) for shaping me into whom I am and whom I yet to become. To my family and friends, all I can say is for Allahà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s love and blessing to be upon you for your constant support, love and care.Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Abstract PAGEREF _Toc436471198 \h 2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PAGEREF _Toc436471199 \h 3Chapter 1: Review of related literature PAGEREF _Toc436471200 \h 51.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc436471201 \h 51.3Patient Safety PAGEREF _Toc436471202 \h 71.3.1 Promoting patient safety: Health practitioners perspective PAGEREF _Toc436471203 \h 81.3.2 Conflict and conflict management in health care environment PAGEREF _Toc436471204 \h 91.4 Accountability Review: Doctorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and Nursesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ perspectives PAGEREF _Toc436471205 \h 101.4.1 Patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Accountability Perspective PAGEREF _Toc436 471206 \h 131.5 Significance of the study PAGEREF _Toc436471207 \h 141.6Aim of the study PAGEREF _Toc436471208 \h 141.8 Research questions and Hypotheses PAGEREF _Toc436471209 \h 15Chapter 2: Methodology PAGEREF _Toc436471210 \h 152.1 Study design PAGEREF _Toc436471211 \h 162.2 Study setting PAGEREF _Toc436471212 \h 172.3 Population and sample PAGEREF _Toc436471213 \h 172.3.1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria PAGEREF _Toc436471214 \h 182.4 Methods of data collection PAGEREF _Toc436471215 \h 182.5 Robustness of data collection approaches PAGEREF _Toc436471216 \h 182.6 Data analysis PAGEREF _Toc436471217 \h 192.7 Ethical consideration PAGEREF _Toc436471218 \h 202.7.1 Ethical Approval PAGEREF _Toc436471219 \h 202.8 Pilot study: PAGEREF _Toc436471220 \h 212.9 Procedure for the main study PAGEREF _Toc436471221 \h 22Chapter 3: Planning the research project PAGEREF _Toc436471222 \h 233.1 Predicted study outcome PAGEREF _Toc436471223 \h 23Estimated budget PAGEREF _Toc436471224 \h 25Bibliogra phy PAGEREF _Toc436471225 \h 26Appendices PAGEREF _Toc436471226 \h 30Questionnaire PAGEREF _Toc436471227 \h 30Participant Information Sheet PAGEREF _Toc436471228 \h 38Participant consent Sheet PAGEREF _Toc436471229 \h 40Chapter 1: Review of related literature1.1IntroductionFor the last decade or so, patient safety has surfaced as a key concern in hospitals, cropping up from information of deplorable levels of damage to patients witnessed during the procedure of administration of healthcare itself, rather than the underlying ailment. An escalating research association has been instigated to assess the reason behind such harms, and the counter measures to be implemented in handling it. The ever-escalating intricacy of health care endowment is constantly alluded to as a fundamental aspect, and besides justifies for more transparency and predominantly accountability. There is therefore the need to assess the significance of accountability in facilitating patient safety, and particularl y in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The researcher intends to engage a survey of current and related literature in this field as well as conducting a case study in "Almana General Hospitalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ,Khobar, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. This chapter covers a review of related literature on significance of accountability on facilitating patient safety in healthcare facilities. The literature therefore centers on surveying accountability and safety as practices, while reviewing the roles of the health practitioners (nurses and doctors), patients, and the general community.Since the early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, the health sector has witnessed myriad reforms that influenced procedural standards within health facilities and eventually posing some changes in accountability perceptions (Frink et al., 2008). Therefore, there is the call for reviewing the related literature on such reforms with the intent of comprehending how sufficient or meager this literature is, hence offer recommendations where possible . From an empirical study conducted by Johnstone et al., (2007), EBM was adequately studied since its implementation in early 90s. An identical research to that of Johnstone and colleagues, conducted by Haynes (2002) as quoted in Suokas (2010) defines EBM as a set of tools and resources for finding and applying current best evidence from research for the care of individual patients" or equally as provided by Sackett and quoted in Suokas (2010) "à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients" (p.71). The researcher engaged a research approach encapsulating both health and sociological services in assessing the instigation of EBM and initial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"warning systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ in hospital wards. The setting was however in the United Kingdom as well as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with the data being collected for duration of 3 years (from 2006 to 2008), utilizing interviews as well as ethnographic observations. The current proposed study intends to engage only questionnaires in collecting the data, hence predicting a huge dissimilarity with this reviewed piece of literature. Therefore, Jonstone et al. and Sackett as quoted in Suokas (2010) realized a great disparity in accountability between the two nations, with Saudi Arabian medical practitioners depicting high cases of unaccountability during their daily chores and attendance to patients.Therefore, the current study finds this as a key major issue worth researching as well as justifying the practicability and feasibility of the proposed thesis. Additionally, the findings from the study by Suokas (2010) indicates how accountability respective of bedside observations was composed via amalgamating hierarchical liability in gratifying formal obligations, and horizontal accountability in promoting reasonable use of official and apposite rules and accountabilities in integrating help and assistance. Some of the key problems mentioned in Suokasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ (2010) research included ritualistic compliance, unnecessary alerts, and false reassurance, which eventually created redundant work in addition to making patients uncomfortable. As a way of handling these issues, Suokas (2010) suggested an extensive focus on the alert system to surpass the liability of daily management of primary warning schemes among members. The current proposed study intends to offer a pertinent recommendation in tackling such discrepancies, and eventually mitigate such incidences within health care facilities.The key intent of EBM emergence in medical sector was to instigate a predominant social movement intending to base medical judgments on scientific justification in preference to individual observation and expertise (LutfeyFreese, 2007). With reference to WennbergWennberg, 2003), this objective reacted to substantiation of redundant practice deviation, that is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"care that is not consistent with a pat ient's preference or relate to a patient's underlying illness" (p.164). The uniqueness of this movement laid within its aptitude to challenge, even though repeatedly ineffectively, the capacity personal practitioners to come to a decision regarding the choice and conduct of health care procedures.1.3Patient SafetyMitchell (2008) defines patient safety as the deterrence of harm to patients emphasizing on the care-delivery scheme that deters faults, gains from faults that do not crop up, and is founded on a safety culture that encapsulates organizations, medical practitioners and patients.Back in 2006, W.H.O gathered several international professionals to categorize the fundamental areas for patient safety studies. The key objective of this step was to provide study officials and facilitating institutions with overall supervision on such priorities with the intent of promoting patient safety. The group encapsulated professionals in healthcare research, patient...

Human Resource Management at Square Pharmaceuticals in...

Recently the Human Resource Management (HRM) concept and true functionality have taken their final shape in Bangladesh. The companies in Bangladesh have realized the main role of HRM as vital component in the development mechanism of any organization to achieve its targets and main objectives, and to get competitive advantage (Islam 2006) . Therefore, all HRM responsibilities , contributes are being recognized as crucial as all other organization departments (Islam 2006). This paper focus is going to be the Supply Chain Department (SCD) of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd in Bangladesh as an example of HRM role and contribution in overall business strategy and developing human resources. The supply chain department of SPL is responsible for†¦show more content†¦Noe et al, (2007) considers HRM as set of practices and measurements, and strategies that affects workers. Hence, it could be said that HRM main focus is to obtain the optimal output from workers and to achieve that, it co ncentrates on the measurements and practices which affect workers performance (Nazim-ud-Din, Tabassum et al. 2006) . 1.1Appraisl of current HRM performance practices †¢ Despite the increase of SPL size over the last few years, it does not have clear human resource planning strategy for SCD. The HRM still cannot predict or project the demand for workers at SCD. Therefore, it cannot determine if there is less or excusive number of workers available at certain time. †¢ There are some flows have been found in the recruitment process. After posting advertisements about the job, HRM receive huge number of curriculum vistas (CVs). It is not easy to go through all CVs to pick the right candidates for the next step. Although, the selection process is done through basic written exams and interviews, it does not give the candidates job -related problems to overcome. So it is not easy to ensure that candidates will be able to solve any real problems might face them at SCD. †¢ There is lack of communication between SCD and HRM in regard of changing job description to fit new workers. Many times SCD have changed job titles and specifications to suits new workers without acknowledging HRM. Hence, HRM does notShow MoreRelatedManagemant Practice Spl5103 Words   |  21 Pages[pic] Executive Summary Pharmaceutical industry is one of the largest industries in our country. Every year a huge amount foreign currency comes from this sector. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. 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