Arguments for and Against Horse Slaughter

While animal advocates argue against horse slaughter, some horse breeders and owners say that horse slaughter is a necessary evil. According to The Morning News, â€Å"a recent national poll found that almost 70 percent of Americans support a federal ban on horse slaughter for human consumption.† As of May 2009, there are no slaughterhouses killing horses for human consumption in the United States. There is now a federal bill pending that would prohibit horse slaughter in the US and would prohibit the transport of live horses for slaughter. While this federal bill is pending, several individual states are considering horse slaughterhouses. A Montana bill allowing horse slaughter and protecting potential slaughterhouse owners became law in April 2009. A bill modeled on the Montana law is now pending in Tennessee. Slaughter for Human Consumption Horses were being slaughtered for human consumption in the US as recently as 2007. In 2005, Congress had voted to withhold funding for USDA inspections of horse meat. This move should have stopped horse slaughter because the meat cannot be sold for human consumption without USDA inspections, but the USDA responded by adopting new rules that allowed the slaughterhouses to pay for the inspections themselves. A 2007 court ruling ordered the USDA to stop the inspections. Horses Still Being Slaughtered Although horses are no longer slaughtered for human consumption in the US, live horses are still shipped to foreign slaughterhouses. According to Keith Dane, Director of Equine Protection for the Humane Society of the US, about 100,000 live horses are shipped to Canadian and Mexican slaughterhouses each year, and the meat is sold in Belgium, France, and other countries. A lesser-known issue is that of horse slaughter for pet food and for zoos to feed to carnivores. According to Dane, these facilities are not required to be inspected by the USDA, so statistics are not available. The existence of such facilities usually goes unnoticed until there are a cruelty allegation and investigation. The International Society for the Protection of Exotic Animal Kind and Livestock, Inc. alleges that one such slaughterhouse in New Jersey kills the horses in an inhumane manner, and the case is still under investigation. According to Dane, most major pet food companies do not use horse meat, so there’s little chance of buying cat or dog food that supports horse slaughter. There are many reasons a breeder or owner may decide to sell a specific horse for slaughter, but on a macro level, the problem is overbreeding. Arguments For Horse Slaughter Some view horse slaughter as a necessary evil, to humanely dispose of unwanted horses. Unlike dogs and cats, unwanted horses cannot be dropped off at the local animal shelter. Sanctuaries for horses do exist, but there are not enough of them. Euthanasia is not always financially feasible. Having the horse humanely euthanized and then having the body of a 1,200-pound animal disposed of or transported to a rendering plant is expensive, sometimes prohibitively so. Rendering plants that turn horses into fertilizer and industrial products will accept carcasses, but do not pay for them. Some argue that the alternative to horse slaughter is neglect and abandonment. Horse slaughter proponents argue that horses should be treated no differently from cows, pigs or chickens, and there is no reason horses should not be slaughtered for human consumption. Arguments Against Horse Slaughter Animal rights activists do not believe in killing any animals for food, but there are several arguments that apply specifically to horses. Horse slaughter increases prices and profits for horse breeding. If there is no profitable or easy way to dispose of unwanted horses, fewer horses will be bred. As reported in the Morning News, Before slaughterhouses closed, ranchers knew they could get $1 per pound for the meat. The same meat is now worth only about 20 cents per pound[...] Ranchers are also simply getting out of the horse business, said Ross Lockhart, owner of Stockman’s Pride in Bentonville. He used to raise registered quarter horses but hasn’t bred anything for the past two years. Many Americans believe horses are special and should be treated more like companion animals than livestock. Neglect and abandonment do not increase when slaughterhouses close. According to the International Fund for Horses: California banned horse slaughter in 1998. California has experienced no increase in abuse case, and even noted a decrease 3 years following the ban. During the 4 years that [the Cavel slaughterhouse] was closed, Illinois saw a noticeable decrease in abuse and/or neglect cases. Texas, which had the only two slaughter plants in 2003, had among the nations highest rates of cruelty and theft. Some believe that horse slaughter is unusually cruel. At some slaughterhouses, horses are first stunned with a captive bolt gun, then bled to death. However, the horses are sometimes improperly stunned and are sometimes skinned and bled while still conscious. Allowing horse slaughter creates another source of profit for thoroughbred breeders, thereby supporting horse racing, to which many animal advocates object. Several major horse racetracks oppose horse slaughter. There are about 9 million domestic horses in the US, and approximately one percent of that number are sent to foreign slaughterhouses each year. If shipping live horses for slaughter were banned, that relatively small number of horses could be absorbed by the horse community in the US. The Upshot Whether prohibiting the export of live horses for slaughter will lead to neglect and abandonment remains to be seen, especially in an economy where foreclosures threaten all types of companion animals. However, several major racetracks oppose horse slaughter and taking away an incentive for breeding or overbreeding is a powerful argument against horse slaughter.

The Great Lakes Region By Richard White - 1366 Words

Richard White provides a refreshing perspective on the Great Lakes region during the colonial and early national periods in regards to the developing relationships between the intrusive French, British, Americans and the indigenous Native Americans. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires and Republics in the Great Lakes Region effectively links Native American history to broader themes in American history. He presents a convincing argument of how the Middle Ground, a place the French called the pays d’en haut, allowed for mutual accommodation and an acculturative social solution to develop out of the misunderstandings and the new meanings given to older institutions. White looks to this area to show how Native Americans and Europeans together constructed a complex and dynamic world that became the multiethnic society of early America. White has written a remarkable book that further enriches the historiography of the Great Lakes region and gives us a fuller understanding of this complicated world that underwent profound historic change. White presents an interesting introduction that demonstrates the extremely complex subject and multiple influences that defined the middle ground. He does not state an obvious thesis in his introduction but rather details the larger themes he intends to analyze within the context of his book. He debunks the American myths related to the period of European expansion in the Great Lakes region by noting that â€Å"contact was not a battle of primalShow MoreRelatedYoho National Park : Research1250 Words   |  5 PagesGrizzly Bears are found near the lakes during summer in search for food. †¢ Grizzly bears are eight feet tall when standing on their legs. †¢ They were first found in The Great Plains, eventually they were ridden out to the west by the European settlers. †¢ Lodging, mining, road construction, resorts, and golf courses have invaded the bear habitat. Thus, they live mainly in tundra and alpine meadows. †¢ Moose are found in marshlands, and they consume aquatic animals in the lakes of Yoho. †¢ Male Elks, whichRead MoreThe Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights.2019 Words   |  9 Pagesinteracting with the Native Americans who also had slightly different ways of viewing and interacting with the Europeans. There were similarities as well in the way the English, Spanish, and French dealt with Native Americans. The English wanted a great bevy of things from the Native Americans, most notably land, so they would be able to amass a large economic advantage over their French and Spanish rivals and they were, simply put, willing to deceive, steal, cheat, and fight to get it. The crueltiesRead MoreThe Great Northwoods Essay7709 Words   |  31 PagesThe Great Northwoods As with all things, the history of an event does not begin at its conception. 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Khat Ethiopia and Somali Youth Free Essays

Khat is a green-leaved plant grown predominantly in the Horn of Africa, and consumed in the diaspora by emigrants from the region – Ethiopians, Kenyans, Yemenis and most notably Somalis – who report a mild, amphetamine-like high. Khat is legal in the UK, as are mafrishes, but spirited campaigns to outlaw it on health and social grounds have been galvanised in the past year by claims that terror cells are operating wherever khat is chewed, and that al-Shabaab is focusing its recruitment efforts on disenfranchised Somali youth with khat-addled minds. CNN said that reporters have been attacked while trying to enter mafrishes; the Huffington Post said that it had been advised not even to attempt access. We will write a custom essay sample on Khat: Ethiopia and Somali Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now A reporter with Vice magazine said he tried khat, washed it down with beer, and â€Å"got all hyper and threw a chair†. My sources were less certain of the dangers. â€Å"The most radical thing I’ve ever seen at a mafrish is a group of old men watching porn on the telly,† said one anthropologist. And apprehension dissipates rapidly in Peckham, despite a finger jabbed into my chest on the street outside, accompanied by the question: â€Å"What are you? † Hastily abandoning a flimsy cover story, I admit that I am a reporter with this magazine. My interlocutor appears baffled. â€Å"But what football team are you? † he says. I tell him, he rolls his eyes, grabs me by the forearm and hauls me inside. During the next month visiting mafrishes in south London, I will be scorned often for being a Tottenham Hotspur supporter. Issues of my nationality (British), ethnicity (white) and profession (journalist) pass without comment. No one attempts to recruit me to al-Shabaab. According to most recent figures, there are close to 110,000 Somalis in the UK, around 35 per cent of whom admit to consuming khat on a regular basis. Although some women indulge in the home or with female friends, khat chewing is most commonly regarded as a male pastime, particularly in the mafrishes, which are frequently referred to as â€Å"Somali pubs†. The analogy is obvious, even though Somalis, as Muslims, tend not to drink. In Africa, khat’s stimulant properties make it the product of choice for long-distance lorry drivers, night-watchmen and students cramming for exams. But in the diaspora it has come to be regarded as a cheap luxury, known to be an aid for relaxation and conversation. Men congregate to network, discuss politics and family or work issues. They watch the news or football matches, chew the fat – and chew khat. How to cite Khat: Ethiopia and Somali Youth, Essay examples

Reliability and Maintenance Decision Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reliability and Maintenance Decision Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Tina is having an annual contract with the Johnson Insurance Brokers for offering services related to property maintenance. She is assigned to work 20 hours on weekly basis at the premises of the company for which she is being paid a flat amount. She is the one who hires the part-time workers as and when required by her. Tina is stated to be in service for contract with Johnson Insurance brokers. As per Belyaeva (2014), in case of contract of service of employees with the employer, a worker is required to execute the tasks in the way they are being instructed by the line manager as per their description of jobs. In case of contract of service, the workers need to present themselves for work and would never be able to propel someone else for the work as a substitute. Tina offers only 20 hours to this insurance house which cannot be possible for employees as they need to provide more hours of work. Tina though was able to hire people for work as and when she needed a bit of help from others. Employees have the scope of enjoying additional benefits that can vary as per the employer, but might take into account the company cars, insurance related to private health, gyms and many others. It has been mentioned in the case study that Tina did not have any other clients except for Johnson insurance Brokers. Moreover, her only contact with the company has been Fred Sinclair, the Facil ities Manager who meets her every Monday. Same cannot be hold good for employees as employees need to report to their seniors and managers on a daily basis and for an employee a line or facilities manager cannot be her only contact with the organization. This can happen in contract for service where there is a contractor-client contract. A contract for service is generally a business to business affair between two firms. Contractor organizations have the power to enter into contract for services with another firm having clear set of responsibility and rights (www.canada.ca 2017). There is a prerequisite in supplying services to the client according to the planned specification of the contract as has been the case with Tina. Tina needs to spend on an average 20 hours on the company premises for which a flat amount is being offered to her. Other monthly invoices which are being incurred by Tina as supplementary is approved by Fred, the Facilities Manager before submitting the same to Accounts payable. Moreover, in case of contract for services, the contractor makes use of her own tools and materials which is what Tina does, using her won small tools. However, the company does offer her with other possible supplies and a snow plow for the fact that it seems Tina is a small contractor and does not possess all the require d elements which are sometimes done by clients in providing the contractors with required elements for better work. Organizations at times deal with small contractors for saving enough money that can be channelized to some other profitable ventures (Wang and Wei 2013). The flat amount that is being paid to Tina is out of the agreed rate that was fixed at the time of the contract. The contractor too needs to provide the services as agreed and any extra amount that has been spent would be settled on submitting the invoices to the accounts section. Reference: Belyaeva, O.V., 2014. Contract service or contract manager?.Uchet v budjetnyh uchrejdeniyah, (3). Canada, P. (2017).General Conditions of a Service Contract - Canada.ca. [online] Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-service-commission/corporate/about-us/doing-business-public-service-commission/general-conditions-service-contract.html [Accessed 26 Apr. 2017]. de Almeida, A.T., Cavalcante, C.A.V., Alencar, M.H., Ferreira, R.J.P., de Almeida-Filho, A.T. and Garcez, T.V., 2015. Decision on maintenance outsourcing. InMulticriteria and Multiobjective Models for Risk, Reliability and Maintenance Decision Analysis(pp. 249-272). Springer International Publishing. Wang, C.Y. and Wei, H.Y., 2013. Profit maximization in femtocell service with contract design.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,12(5), pp.1978-1988.